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Usimare Ramesses III

Usimare Ramesses III (also written Ramses and Rameses) was the second Pharaoh of the Twentieth Dynasty and is considered to be the last great New Kingdom king to wield any substantial authority over Egypt. He was the son of Setnakht and Queen Tiy-merenese. Ramesses III is believed to have reigned from March 1186 to April 1155 BC. This is based on his known accession date of I Shemu day 26 and his death on Year 32 III Shemu day 15, for a reign of 31 years, 1 month and 19 days. (Alternate dates for this king are 1187 to 1156 BC).

A fixed chronological point for this pharaoh's reign was the eruption of the Hekla III Iceland volcano from 1159 BC onwards. Since it is well known that the king experienced difficulties provisioning his workmen at Deir el-Medina with supplies in his 29th year, it is probable that his 28th or 29th regnal year was equivalent to 1159 BC. A minor discrepancy of 1 year is possible since Egypt's granaries could have had reserves to cope with at least a single bad year of crop harvests during the time of the Hekla III eruption. This means that the king's reign would have ended just 3 to 4 years later around 1156 or 1155 BC. The Ancient Greeks knew Ramesses III as Rhampsinitus which is a corruption of his popular Egyptian name, Ra-messu-pa-neter.