William Drayton (December 30, 1776 - May 24, 1846) was an American politician from Charleston, South Carolina. He was the son of Federal Judge William Drayton, Sr. of South Carolina. He represented South Carolina's first district in the U.S. Congress from 1825 to 1833. He was the father of Percival Drayton and Thomas Fenwick Drayton, who fought on opposite sides during the American Civil War. His first cousin was William Henry Drayton. He bought Drayton Island, a plantation, in Florida. Author Edgar Allan Poe dedicated his collection Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque to him.
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