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Nicholas Murray Butler (April 2, 1862 - December 7, 1947) was an American philosopher, diplomat, and educator. The co-winner with Jane Addams of the 1931 Nobel Peace Prize, Butler was president of Columbia University from 1902 to 1945, president of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace from 1925 to 1945, and received the 8 Republican Party electoral votes for Vice President of the United States in the 1912 presidential race, after that party's VP nominee, incumbent James S. Sherman, died a few days before the election. Butler's name was so widely recognised and his influence so great that he was able to deliver a Christmas greeting to the nation every year in the New York Times . President of Columbia for 43 years, the longest tenure in the university's history, Butler doubled the size of the campus and increased the enrollment by 30,000. [ citation needed ]
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